Lots of good answers already but I may have an additional viewpoint to offer.
Background:
My sister started being Vegan about 6 years ago. I was not very supportive and did all the negative things you mention. I came at her with all the uniformeduninformed arguments I knew at the time.
- "Humans need meat to survive"
- "If we didn't eat cows they wouldn't exist"
- "Vegan food is not good. Try how much better this burger is"
- And more and more (I was kind of jerk)
She's awesome and stuck to her guns through not only my berating, but similar BS from the rest of the family.
Fast-forward and I have been Vegan(ish) for about a year now. I completely regret being so hard on my sister, because societal pressures are the hardest part about being vegan (the food is great).
My sister wanted to be vegan because she abhorred the cruelty to animals. I became vegan because I abhor the devastating impact that animal agriculture has on the environment.
My sister always used the animal cruelty aspect of animal agriculture to make her argument for veganism, but it never resonated with me (that has changed). When I became educated about the environmental impact of animal agriculture and how unsustainable it is, that really hit home.
Then I continued learning about this topic and of course the cruelty is a motivating factor for me, but not the primary one (for me personally). The environmental impact was my primary motivator. Learning about the health issues surrounding animal products was also a big motivator.
So I would suggest you educate yourself about all the arguments for Veganism and use the one that most appeals to your "opponent".
I'm not saying you'll change everyone (or anyone's) mind, but I have found that some people have a much harder time disputing or brushing off the health or environmental impacts of meat-eating than the animal-rights aspects.