According to the Wikipedia article on Cocamidopropyl betaine
Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is a mixture of closely related organic compounds derived from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine citation
Dimethylaminopropylamine is usually synthesised from Acrylonitrile which is produced using ammonia (produced from hydrogen and nitrogen in the Haber process) and propylene (a hydrocarbon from crude oil or possibly plant sources) and Dimethylamine which is apparentlyproduced produced from methanol (an alcohol) and ammonia (although dimethylamine is found in animals, it is not derived from animal sources in the chemical industry).
So, cocamidopropyl betaine is not derived from animals.